Increasing Numbers Of US Adults Cope With Rising Medical Bills And Debts

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Increasing Numbers Of US Adults Cope With Rising Medical Bills And Debts

SciMed - Horizons

TS-Si News Service

Thursday, 21 August 2008 16:30

TS-Si Science & Medicine

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hormone treatment, Sex Reassignment Surgery (SRS), and related procedures. Those who are employed already face increased costs and diminished benefits. Loss of employment can turn coping with medical costs into a devastating dilemma.

People facing this situation can feel very isolated and in a unique situation, especially since those born with Harry Benjamin Syndrome (HBS) are comparatively few in number. But given that 79 million US adults have medical bill problems, or are paying off medical debt, they may have more in common with the general public than generally assumed.

Losing Ground: How the Loss of Adequate Health Insurance is Burdening Working Families: Findings from the Commonwealth Fund Biennial Health Insurance Surveys, 2001–2007. S. R. Collins, J. L. Kriss, M. M. Doty, and S. D. Rustgi. The Commonwealth Fund. August 2008.
[ Download Fund Report PDF ] [ Download Chartpack PDF ]

Seeing Red: The Growing Burden of Medical Bills and Debt Faced by U.S. Families. Michelle M. Doty, Sara R. Collins, Sheila D. Rustgi, and Jennifer L. Kriss. The Commonwealth Fund: Issue Brief 64. August 2008.
[ Download Issue Brief PDF ] [ Download Chartpack PDF ]

According to recent survey findings from The Commonwealth Fund, the proportion of working-age Americans who have medical bill problems, or who are paying off medical debt, climbed from 34 percent to 41 percent between 2005 and 2007, bringing the total to 72 million. In addition, 7 million adults age 65 and over also had problems paying medical bills, for a total of 79 million adults with medical bill problems or medical debt.

The new Commonwealth Fund report is called Losing Ground: How the Loss of Adequate Health Insurance is Burdening Working Families [C1] In it, the authors describe how working-age adults are becoming more exposed to the rising costs of health care, either because they have lost insurance through their jobs or because they are paying more out of pocket for their health care. This combination of factors, along with sluggish growth in average family incomes, is contributing to problems with medical bills and cost-related delays in getting needed health care.

The report finds that in 2007, nearly two-thirds of U.S. adults under age 65, or 116 million people, had medical bill problems or debt, went without needed care because of cost, were uninsured for a time, or were underinsured — meaning they were insured but had high out-of-pocket medical expenses or deductibles relative to income.

We are seeing a perfect storm of negative economic trends threatening working families in the United States …

"We are seeing a perfect storm of negative economic trends threatening working families in the United States," said Sara Collins, Commonwealth Fund Assistant Vice President, and the study's lead author.

"While gas and food prices are increasing and home values are declining, the rise in health care costs is surpassing income growth and fewer people have adequate insurance. As a result, working people are struggling to pay their bills and accruing medical debt."

While the increase in problems paying medical bills or carrying unpaid medical bills cuts across income brackets, low and moderate income families are burdened the most. The report finds that more than half of working-age adults earning less than $40,000 a year reported problems paying medical bills or being in debt due to medical expenses. Medical bill problems included not being able to pay bills, being contacted by a collection agency about an unpaid bill, and changing one's way of life in order to pay medical bills.

Those with medical bills and medical debt are increasingly facing serious financial problems and sometimes facing trade-offs among immediate life necessities.

Thirty-nine percent of those with bill problems or debt say they have used up all of their savings to pay their health care bills.

- 29% are unable to pay for basic necessities like food, heat, or rent.

- 30% took on credit card debt.
Twenty-four percent of adults under age 65 with medical debt owe $4,000 or more and 12 percent owe $8,000 or more in unpaid medical expenses.

In a new Commonwealth Fund issue brief which accompanies the report, Seeing Red: The Growing Problem of Medical Debt and Bills [C2] the authors explain that uninsured and underinsured adults are more at risk of having medical bill problems and medical debt than those with adequate insurance coverage.

Three in five adults who are uninsured or underinsured face these challenges, more than double the rate of those who had adequate insurance all year (26 percent).
Notably, adults 65 years and older were far less likely to report medical bill problems or debt than younger adults because they are covered by Medicare and may also have supplemental private coverage, and in the case of low-income individuals, may have Medicaid.

Just 19 percent of adults over 65 — half the rate for adults under 65 (41%) — reported any medical bill problems or debt.

"The current economic slowdown makes it even more urgent for a new Administration to make universal and affordable health insurance a high priority in 2009, to ensure that no American suffers financial hardship as a result of serious illness," said Commonwealth Fund President Karen Davis.

Increasing numbers of adults are spending high proportions of their income on health care.

The report also finds that more working-age adults are delaying or avoiding needed medical care, such as skipping doses of medication or not filling prescriptions, because of health care costs.

Forty-five percent of adults reported problems getting care because of costs in 2007, a dramatic increase from 29 percent in 2001.

Increasing numbers of adults are spending high proportions of their income on health care.

One-third of U.S. working-age adults spent 10 percent or more of their income on out-of-pocket medical expenses and health insurance premiums in 2007, up from 21 percent in 2001.

The proportion of Americans who are uninsured continues to grow.

More than one-quarter (28%) of U.S. adults ages 19 to 64, or an estimated 50 million people, were uninsured for some time in 2007, compared with 24 percent in 2001.

But even having insurance coverage does not guarantee protection from medical bill problems and debt.

The proportion of those who are underinsured increased from 9 percent to 14 percent, or 25 million people, between 2003 and 2007.
Sixty-one percent of those with medical bill problems or accumulated medical debt were insured at the time care was provided.

Other key survey findings include:

Among the medical bill problems reported in the survey:

- 28% pay off medical bills over time, up from 21% in 2005.

- 27% of adults under age 65 said they had problems paying or were unable to pay their bills in 2007, up from 23 percent in 2005.
More than half (53%) of insured working-age adults who have deductibles that represent 5 percent or more of their income reported medical bill burdens and debt; one-third of adults with lower deductibles face these kinds of difficulties.
While adults in families with incomes under $20,000 a year report the highest rates of lacking coverage during the year, more adults in moderate income families are going without insurance.

- In 2007, 41 percent of adults in families earning between $20,000 and $40,000 a year reported a time uninsured during the year, up from 28 percent in 2001.
An estimated 50 million American adults were uninsured in the last year.zzzzz- Most people who were uninsured at any point in the last year are in working families.

-Of that group, 58% were in families where at least one person worked full-time.
People who are uninsured or underinsured experience inefficient care.

- Nearly half of adults (47%) under age 65 who had gaps in their health insurance or were underinsured reported they had experienced problems such as test results not being available on time, receiving duplicate medical tests, and delays in receiving results of abnormal test results.

- In contrast, just 26% of adults who are adequately insured reported these inefficiencies.

Methodology

Data come from the Commonwealth Fund Biennial Health Insurance Survey (2007), a national telephone survey conducted June 6 through October 24, 2007 among a nationally representative sample of 3,501 adults age 19 and older living in the continental United States. The 25-minute telephone interviews were completed in both English and Spanish, according to the preference of the respondent. The survey achieved a 45-percent response rate (calculated according to the standards of the American Association for Public Opinion Research).

The survey sample was drawn using standard list-assisted random digit dialing methodology, which selected telephone numbers disproportionately from area-code/exchange combinations with higher-than-average density of low-income households. Using this stratified sampling design, this study obtained an oversample of low-income, African American and Hispanic adults.

To correct for the disproportionate sample design and make the final total sample results representative of all adults age 19 and older living in the continental U.S, the data are weighted by age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, household size, and geographic region, using the U.S. Census Bureau's 2006 Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC).

The report restricts the analysis to the 2,616 respondents under age 65. The resulting weighted sample is representative of the approximately 177 million adults ages 19 to 64. The survey has an overall margin of sampling error of ±2 percent at the 95 percent confidence level.

[C1] Losing Ground: How the Loss of Adequate Health Insurance is Burdening Working Families: Findings from the Commonwealth Fund Biennial Health Insurance Surveys, 2001–2007. S. R. Collins, J. L. Kriss, M. M. Doty, and S. D. Rustgi. The Commonwealth Fund. August 2008.
[ Download Fund Report PDF ] [ Download Chartpack PDF ]

Overview

The economic downturn is forcing working families across the United States to make tough financial choices, often involving sacrificing needed health care and health insurance. Using data from four years of the Commonwealth Fund Biennial Health Insurance Survey, this report examines the status of health insurance for U.S. adults under age 65 and the implications for family finances and access to health care. Insurance coverage deteriorated over the past six years, with declines in coverage most severe for moderate-income families. As result, more families are experiencing medical bill problems or cost-related delays in getting needed care. In 2007, nearly two-thirds of U.S. adults, or an estimated 116 million people, struggled to pay medical bills, went without needed care because of cost, were uninsured for a time, or were underinsured (i.e., were insured but not adequately protected from high medical expenses).

[C2] Seeing Red: The Growing Burden of Medical Bills and Debt Faced by U.S. Families. Michelle M. Doty, Sara R. Collins, Sheila D. Rustgi, and Jennifer L. Kriss. The Commonwealth Fund: Issue Brief 64. August 2008.
[ Download Issue Brief PDF ] [ Download Chartpack PDF ]

Abstract

Analysis of the 2007 Commonwealth Fund Biennial Health Insurance Survey finds the proportion of working-age Americans who struggled to pay medical bills and accumulated medical debt climbed from 34 percent to 41 percent, or 72 million people, between 2005 and 2007. In addition, 7 million adults age 65 and older had these problems, bringing the total to 79 million adults with medical debt or bill problems. All income groups reported an increase. Families with low or moderate incomes were particularly hard hit, as were adults who had gaps in health coverage or those underinsured. Because of medical bills or accumulated medical debt, an estimated 28 million adults reported they used up all their savings, 21 million incurred large credit card debt, and another 21 million were unable to pay for basic necessities. Sixty-one percent of those with medical debt or bill problems were insured at the time care was provided.

The TS-Si News Service is a collaborative effort by TS-Si.org editors, contributors, and corresponding institutions. The sources can include the cited individuals and organizations, as well as TS-Si.org staff contributions. Articles and news reports do not necessarily convey official positions of TS-Si, its partners, or affiliates.

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Last Updated on Thursday, 21 August 2008 05:47

TS-Siis dedicated to the acceptance, legal protection, and medical treatment of individuals correcting the misalignment of their brains and their anatomical sex, while supporting their transition into society as hormonally reconstituted and surgically corrected citizens.

We welcome responsible comments. Use the public article forms throughout this site or send private correspondence via the TS-Si Contact Page. We will not divulge personal details or place you on a mailing list without your permission.

The TS-Si News Service and the TS-Si Research Service are collaborations of TS-Si officials, staff, contributors, and corresponding institutions. The contents do not necessarily convey official positions of TS-Si or its owners, participants, partners, or affiliates.

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